Family: Varinadae [2] It is one of the largest lizards in the world reaching and even surpassing the perentie by size. It was horrific. Figure 6.65. The 10 Strongest Animal Bite Forces in the World - AZ Animals Being so large, you might have wondered: Are monitor lizards are dangerous to humans? She holds a Bachelors in Agricultural Technology and has extensive experience in animal health and welfare. Anecdotal evidence indicates a high rate of disappearance of domestic pets and feral cats in Cape Coral.[32]. 608-221-0094, www.reptilerapture.net. Monitor lizards belong to the genus of Varanus and are some of the largest lizards in the world. Crocodile monitors are aggressive and quick to bite when compared with other monitors. In certain areas, Nile monitors are hunted to obtain fat from the reproductive organs. Some large species like the Asian water monitor and black-throated monitor can make a unique pet for the right reptile owner. The Lohabarrack crocodile sanctuary is declared to protect the saltwater crocodile population in the South Andaman in the Western coast. On the other hand, smaller monitors are not as dangerous, but can still deliver a painful bite. They include 46 species and are the largest lizards in Africa, Asia and Australia, but are absent from the Neotropics. Among the Skinks (Scincidae), a small number of species have distinctive aquatic habits. They are also excellent climbers and quick runners on land. Sharp claws and strong muscular legs make it easy for them to climb trees. A deep, stoutly constructed skull, blunt crushing posterior teeth, and a bowed lower jaw make it easy for Nile monitors to eat hard-shelled prey such as mollusks. Lystrosaurus was one of the few terrestial species that survived the permian extinction. Jaguars have even been known to bite through a turtles shell. Once the young have emerged, however, they are on their own. When decorating the bowers, males choose their ornaments according to colour. Biodiversity Science, Report complaints on environmental and/or social harms and gender discrimination arising from SANBIs activities. The small young weigh an average 26 g upon hatching. 6.66). The nest site is defended by the sow. They are powerful swimmers. The Life History of Varanus niloticus. If not handled regularly by humans, black-throated monitors in captivity may become aggressive. As soon as the male has succeded in luring the female into the bower mating takes place. Succulent Karoo Programme
The bite force of the animals weve listed is relative to their sizes. Additionally, bites by large species can cause severe damage. Both species have a diet that includes shrimps and aquatic insects. (Branch, 1998; Steel, 1996), Nile monitors inhabit a wide variety of habitats including woodland, dry savanna, scrub, evergreen thickets, swamps, and mangroves. - BBC Science Focus Vegetation is made up mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available.
Laboratory tests supporting diagnosis include complete blood count, CSF fluid analysis, immunological examination, and radiological examination. It is absent from the arid regions of the north and the southwest, but does reach Egypt along the Nile River. The dentition of juveniles is adapted to a diet mainly of insects and consists of sharp, recurved teeth (Fig. Tigers are the largest in the cat family, and exhibit a bite force of 1,050 PSI, almost twice the power of a lion (650 PSI). The white-throated or rock monitor (Varanus albigularis albigularis) is its closest relative in southern Africa. body mass of 4.7kg (10lb). Phylum: Chordata This family is comprised of one genus (Varanus) and nearly 70 species of monitor lizard. The then-SPCA director John Caldwell said the creatures were later placed in zoos or euthanized as one was acting aggressively, "going toward you, mouth open". Exposed, open areas are crucial habitat components as they require sufficient basking locations. Severely affected animals usually will be depressed, lethargic, and weak; mucous membranes may be pale, hyperemic, or icteric. Polar bears can grow up to 1,200 pounds and stand seven feet tall. Varanids are long-lived; geographically widespread across Africa, Asia, and Australia; exceptionally diverse in habitats (desert to swamp, arboreal to terrestrial to aquatic); and highly variable in adult body size (e.g., the pygmy monitor, Varanus brevicaudus, weighs less than 20g as an adult whereas the Komodo dragon, V. komodoensis, can weigh 150kg) (Pianka & Vitt, 2003). Abnormalities in CSF fluid from meningitis and encephalitis patients are similar in terms of turbidity like coconut juice and opening pressure was high in 38%. With great white sharks averaging between 4,000-7,000 pounds in weight, that force pales in comparison to that generated by our number one animal when comparing pound for pound strength. Senckenb. Here are 10 of the largest monitor lizards species: Larger monitor lizards will have a more powerful bite. San Diego, California: Academic Press. They are not found in any of the desert regions of Africa, however, as they thrive around rivers. Like all monitors they have a forked tongue. The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is a large member of the monitor family (Varanidae) found throughout most of Sub-Saharan Africa and along the Nile, with invasive populations in North America. Usually, humans will only have mild symptoms after being bitten. Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. Image width=15cm. (Branch, 1998; Steel, 1996), Nile monitors may be Africa's largest lizards, though a former subspecies, now recognized as the species Varanus ornata, may be as big or bigger. Nile monitors are usually solitary, with only occasional intra-species interaction outside the mating season. This would, of course, curtail the period when the lizard is at risk of injury by struggling prey. Established populations also exist in adjacent Charlotte County, especially on Gasparilla Island. The Komodo Dragon is the largest lizard in the world, and also one of the most dangerous monitor lizards. When lipidosis is advanced, most affected reptiles are in poor body condition and are flaccid, weak, and cachectic. [11] This was the standard treatment until 1997, when a taxonomic review based on color and morphology indicated that the ornate monitor is distinctive and revalidated it as a separate species from rainforests of West and Central Africa. They may be intentionally released if they become difficult to feed, manage or handle or if they are deemed unfit or too sick to sell in the reptile trading industry. We pay for your stories! Further marine debris particularly plastic bags thrown or reach through water steams into the marine environment pose a sever threat. Molecular data from contemporary and historical collections reveal a complex story of cryptic diversification in the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus Species Group. Young Nile monitors often remain in groups and one of them may temporarily behave as a leader. The program helps reduce the number of nonnative species being released into the wild by pet owners and fosters responsible pet ownership. Although it is not native to Florida, the Nile monitor is a semi-aquatic lizard. Nile monitors require a large cage as juveniles quickly grow when fed a varied diet, and large adults often require custom-built quarters. KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Garden (SANBI) Considering the massive size of our next animal, its no surprise that the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious) comes in near the top of this list. WebLike other crocodiles, Nile crocodiles have a powerful bite that is unique among all animals, and sharp, conical teeth that sink into flesh, allowing a grip that is almost impossible to loosen. Nile monitors are occasionally kept as pets by reptile hobbyists, but these large and aggressive lizards are a poor choice as a pet except perhaps for very experienced keepers who can provide large enclosures. a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation. Figure 6.67. Bartlett, R., P. Bartlett. There are 9 premaxillary teeth, 9 teeth on each maxilla, and 1011 teeth on each dentary. This dome of plant material offers shelter for the piglets during their first vulnerable hours and days. They can apply high force for extended periods of time, a great advantage for holding down large prey underwater to drown. Sanibel, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. Status of the Nile monitor (. Physical: 2 Cussonia Ave, Brummeria, Pretoria. The Nile monitors high reproduction rate, diverse diet, and ability to travel over land and in fresh and saltwater allows for potential establishment throughout Florida, particularly in coastal areas dominated by mangroves or salt marshes. Nile monitors are often found in the pet trade despite their highly aggressive demeanor and resistance to taming. A total of 23 sites have been reported as leatherback turtle nesting sites and also27 hawksbill nesting sites (26 islands) recorded from the Andaman group. A very spectacular group of birds, the birds's of paradise (Fam. Dalhuijsen,Kim et al:"A comparative analysis of the diets of Varanus albigularis and Varanus niloticus in South Africa. Monitor lizards are dangerous to the animals they hunt, but are they dangerous to humans? Land snails of the genus Achatina are Nile monitors' favorite prey. To date Ronald's 2002 death remains one of the most terrifying and bizarre instances of a human being eaten by their pets. However, the monitor lizards venom is not deadly towards humans. When the Nile Monitor attacks you, your skin might have some bruises, and cuts, and it may cause a fracture to your muscles, joints, or bones. Bodyweight (mass) is usually below normal; often the patient is critical. You can help by taking a picture, noting the location, and reporting this information using the free IveGot1 mobile app, calling IVE-GOT1 (888-483-4681), or by reporting online at. [8], The Nile monitor twice was given a scientific name by Carl Linnaeus: First as Lacerta monitor in 1758 in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the starting point of zoological nomenclature. Wien. The nostrils located towards the tip of nose indicate the aquatic habits of V. salvator. They do live in the tropical lowland evergreen rainforest and in the mountain forest. Regurgitation is considered to be a poor sign, esp. Nile Monitor | FWC - Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation You can help by taking a picture, noting the location, and reporting this information using the free IveGot1 mobile app, calling IVE-GOT1 (888-483-4681), or by reporting online atIveGot1.org. The detection of larvae in cerebrospinal fluid is the definite diagnosis for angiostrongyliasis, but is extremely rare. Physignathus lesueurii can remain submerged for as much as one hour (Cogger, 1996). Aside from desert regions, the Nile monitor occurs throughout the Nile River delta in sub-Saharan Africa. the state that some animals enter during winter in which normal physiological processes are significantly reduced, thus lowering the animal's energy requirements. The holding effect of the teeth is thus augmented without requiring longer teeth and allows relatively large prey to be captured (Rieppel, 1979). Ivermectin-induced hepatic lipidosis in chelonians is a well-documented example. stellatus). The bowerbirds are another fruit and insect eating bird group known for a very specific behaviour in courting rituals. Image width=20cm. Nineteen species of varanids are known from Indonesia, including the relatively-common Asian or Malayan water monitor (V. salvator) that also occurs in India, southern China, the Philippines and New Guinea. The males attract their mating partners with highly decorated bowers built on the forest ground. Lizard Quiz - 650 People Couldn't Ace This Quiz, Watch a Gargantuan Komodo Dragon Effortlessly Swallow a Wild Boar in One Gulp, Watch This Huge Komodo Dragon Flex Its Power and Swallow a Shark Whole. As a last resort, a cornered Nile monitor will bite and eject foul-smelling musk from the cloaca to attack or throw off a pursuer/attacker. Humans may not be able to compete one-on-one with any of these powerful predators but we are still their greatest threat. Internally they are multichambered (multicameral) and have an extensive network of faveoli, all of which connect to an intrapulmonary bronchus (Fig. Crocodile attack. Order: Squamata (Eds). Tooth numbers for many species of Varanus are given by Mertens (1942). But another mighty cat that has an ultra-strong bite is the tiger. They are arboreal and use the strong grip of their mouth to hold onto prey while climbing trees. The platform building catbirds tend to select greenish objects, avenue builders prefer black and blue berries and green and blue fruits, while maypole builders take red and yellows. Six years later Leopold Fitzinger moved the Nile monitor into this genus as Varanus niloticus,[10] the currently accepted scientific name for the species. The simplest way to test bite force is to use something like a strain gauge or a bite meter. Kingdom: Animalia [35] The potential for the established population of Nile monitors in Lee, Charlotte, and other counties in Florida, to negatively impact indigenous crocodilians, such as American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), and American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus), is enormous, given that they normally raid crocodile nests, eat eggs, and prey on small crocodiles in Africa. Report injured, orphaned or dead manatees, Florida Youth Conservation Centers Network, Conditional & Prohibited Nonnative Species Regulation, Regulations for Conditional Snakes and Lizards, Nonnative Species Permit Applications and Information, See a full list of our Social Media accounts. Predatory fish, herons, snakes and even adults of their own species prey on young. They have a long, forked tongue like that of snakes that, together with a large Jacobsons organ, plays a major role in detecting prey by olfaction. In some areas within the U.So, you may find an invasive monitor lizard in the wild. If she lays her eggs in a termite nest, the termites will repair the hole in their nest, and the monitor eggs develop inside. Their teeth are sharp and pointed in juvenile animals and become blunt and peg-like in adults. Viper Press, 1995. I love learning about the various wonders nature has to offer and have been a writer for 5 years. In monitor lizards that include a large proportion of shelled prey in their diet as adults, the posterior teeth of adults may be wider and blunter than those in juveniles, an adaptation to durophagy. [30] They are not found in any of the desert regions of Africa (notably Sahara, Kalahari and much of the Horn of Africa), however, as they thrive around rivers. How frequently do Nile monitors eat? 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. How to recognise a Nile monitor Nile monitors grow to about 100140 cm Nile monitors feed on a wide variety of prey items, including fish, frogs, toads (even poisonous ones of the genera Breviceps and Sclerophrys),[21] small reptiles (such as turtles, snakes, lizards, and young crocodiles),[22] birds, rodents,[23] other small mammals (up to domestic cats and young antelopes [Raphicerus]),[24][25] eggs (including those of crocodiles, agamids, other monitor lizards, and birds),[26] invertebrates (such as beetles, termites, orthopterans, crabs, caterpillars, spiders, millipedes, earthworms, snails, and slugs),[27][28] carrion, human wastes, and feces. Unless you are allergic, the venom of monitor lizards isnt fatal. Species groups build bowers according to one of the three basically different plans: simple platforms, avenue bowers, and maypole bowers. [33], In Florida in the United States, established breeding populations of Nile monitors have been known to exist in different parts of the state since at least 1990. [19] Exceptionally large specimens may scale as much as 20kg (44lb), but this species weighs somewhat less on average than the bulkier rock monitor. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94(Part B): 591-604. Jaguars (Panthera onca) are one of the only big cats found in the Americas, and they possess the most powerful bite out of the entire genus Panthera. Marine reptile biodiversity of Andaman and Nicobar Islands include marine turtle, salt water crocodile, Dash and Kar,1990; Kannan and Rajagopalan,2012. Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. Released pets remain a primary source of introduced species in Florida. Respiratory (Lower) Tract Disease/Pneumonia, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets, Hormones and Reproductive Cycles in Lizards, Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Reptiles, Lenk, Eidenmueller, Staudter, Wicker, & Wink, 2005, Jacob & Ramaswami, 1976; Wikramanayake & Dryden, 1988; Phillips & Millar, 1998, infection is a history of eating uncooked fresh water snails, crustaceans, or, Maleewong et al., 2001; Eamsobhana and Yong, 2009, Utilisation of compounds from venoms in drug discovery, Cysteine rich secretory proteins (CRiSP) are predominantly found in snake venoms and some arthropods, but also in the venomous saliva of, Marine Ecosystems of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Species Abundance and Distribution, Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands. one study claiming only 0.8 to 1.7kg (1.8 to 3.7lb), others state weights ranging from 5 to 10kg (11 to 22lb) in males and around 3kg (6.6lb) in female monitors. The lashing tail can inflict a painful wound. They have notoriously weak jaw-opening muscles. They are amazingly strong, and it is quite difficult to hold one without being bitten. Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar, Nambali Valsalan Sujathkumar, in Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands, 2008. WebAccording to Buffrenil, that, when fighting for its life, a Nile Monitor was a more dangerous adversary than a crocodile of a similar size. Theyre strong animals that will wrestle you, they have sharp teeth that can tear flesh with ease when theyre younger, and blunt cru Continue Reading 3 Sponsored by The Penny Hoarder Ronald Huff, 42, had his face, hands and stomach organs devoured by seven 6ft-long Nile monitor lizards he let roam free in his flat, in one of the most bizarre incidents of its kind. [20], Their nostrils are placed high on their snouts, indicating these animals are very well adapted for an aquatic lifestyle. The white blood cells and platelets form blood clots in the tissues around the cut. Varanids have long necks and powerful claws. "They had eaten his face, eaten his hands, they actually had eaten into his abdomen and eaten some of the internal organs.". Since these animals are carnivores, their teeth are sharp and designed for ripping through meat. At night they may sleep on branches or submerged in water in warm weather or retreat to burrows in cooler weather. The largest zoo in the country and the only one with national status. For other inquiries, Contact Us. Adults are greyish-brown to dirty olive-brown on top of the head and back, with scattered darker blotches and light yellow ocelli and bands on the head, back and limbs. Therefore, its important to treat bites from this animal immediately. When they feel threatened or stressed, these large animals will puff When humans eat steak, the amount of force exerted is 150 to 200 PSI. Like all nonnative reptile species, Nile monitors are not protected in Florida except by anti-cruelty law and can be humanely killed on private property with landowner permission. Are Komodo Dragons Poisonous or Dangerous? Figure 6.69. Hepatic lipidosis must be differentiated from physiologically normal increases in intrahepatic fat associated with hibernation/reproduction. [2] It is estimated to have split from the others in the Nile monitor complex about 7.7 million years ago, making it older than the split between humans and chimpanzees. Figure 6.64. Variation in longevity, growth, and morphology in exploited Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus) from Sahelian Africa. Hunting strategies vary, but it is rare for the Nile monitor to shy away from a challenge. Nile monitors are not native to Florida and are considered an invasive species due to their impacts to native wildlife. Reptiles with acute liver disease usually present in good body condition but with sudden-onset depression and anorexia (see Liver Disease). Nile monitors are occasionally kept as pets by reptile hobbyists, but these large and aggressive lizards are a poor choice as a pet, except perhaps for very experienced keepers who can provide large enclosures. Their skin is tough and covered with small, bead-like scales. The most common species in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is green turtle. Conservation status and what the future holds. Their long claws, sharp teeth, and powerful bodies make them more dangerous than other lizards. - Reptile WebNile monitors are active foragers and appear to have a fairly large home range, but specific figures appear to be unavailable. Spiders, snakes, and lizards are my favorite types of animals, and I enjoy keeping some species as pets. Thank you for reading! NILE MONITOR Caresheet Common Name: Nile Monitor Ronald Adult Komodo Dragons weigh between 150 to 200 pounds. Simultaneously, the tooth row becomes shorter relative to the length of the lower jaw, whereas the jaw becomes deep, massive, and bowed ventrally, so that a gap between upper and lower dentitions develops posteriorly (Rieppel and Labhardt, 1979). The turtle consume plastic bags mistaken them as jellyfish which forms their favourite food and die because of indigestion and chocking of digesting tract. Wild pigs are somewhat more restricted to forest ecosystems. A substance that provides both nutrients and energy to a living thing. Andaman and Nicobar Islands is feeding ground for green and hawksbill turtles and nesting ground for green turtles, olive ridleys, hawksbills and leatherback turtles (Kannan,2008). The average leukocyte count in CSF fluid is 700 cells/mm3 and can be as high as 5000 cells/mm3. The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and the other related species at the top end of our list were all studied by a renowned biologist who used sensitive instruments to measure the respective bite force of all members of the Order Crocodilia. 20ft, Boat Sized Saltwater Crocodile Appears Literally, Fishermen Watch As 600lb Marlin Catch Gets, Yellowstone Wolf Pack Surrounds Huge Grizzly in, The Largest Great White Sharks Ever Found, The 9 Most Interesting Animals in the World, Discover the 10 Strongest Animals in the World, Watch a Gargantuan Komodo Dragon Effortlessly Swallow a Wild Boar in One Gulp, Watch a Lioness Save Her Zookeeper When the Male Lion Attacks Him Point-Blank, See Dominator The Largest Crocodile In The World, And As Big As A Rhino, The Largest Great White Sharks Ever Found Off Florida Waters, Watch This Huge Komodo Dragon Flex Its Power and Swallow a Shark Whole, Real Life Jaws Spotted 30ft Great White Shark By Boat, The 10 Strongest Animal Bite Forces in the World. Ventral surfaces are yellowish with blackish cross-bands. 5 Best Monitor Lizards for Beginners [With Pictures!] Report fish kills, wildlife emergencies, sightings, etc.
Their teeth are sharp and are like knives in their mouth. Hard-shelled mollusks are a conspicuous feature of Nile monitors' diets and a thickened skull, blunt crushing teeth, and bowed lower jaw make them well-equipped for breaking open thick shells. Shaking movements of the head may be used to dismember prey grasped by the teeth. & Schwartz, A. Fitzinger, L. (1826). "Varanus niloticus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. There are speculations, however, that these animals can attack humans when they are hungry. Paradisaeidae), feed on fruits and insects from the 42 known species 26 are known from Irian Jaya (West Papua) and two from the Moluccas. Inexperienced reptile owners often find it difficult to keep these large lizards. Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. In parts of Africa and Asia, varanids are hunted for their skins or as medicinal ingredients, but mainly for their meat. [13] They grow from about 134 to 170cm (4ft 5in to 5ft 7in) in length, with the largest specimens attaining 244cm (8ft). WebReptile Rapture, 6308 Monona dr., Monona WI 53716. Portik, V. de Buffrenil, I Ineich, E Greenbaum, S.O. By contrast, lions and hyenas can only generate about 1,000 PSI of bite force. The population in West African forests and savannahs is sometimes recognized as a separate species, the West African Nile monitor (V. Enge, K.M., Krysko, K.L, Hankins, K.R, Campbell, T.S. A taxonomic review of the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus (Linnaeus, 1766) species complex. The process is repeated until a morsel of flesh is detached. Do not attempt to capture Nile monitors. The act or condition of passing winter in a torpid or resting state, typically involving the abandonment of homoiothermy in mammals. Gauge or a bite meter carnivores, their nostrils are placed high their... 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Western coast and Evolution 94 ( Part B ): 591-604 to their impacts to native wildlife was one the... Inbox every day adults of their mouth but is extremely rare membranes may be pale, hyperemic, icteric. And/Or social harms and gender discrimination arising from SANBIs activities with hibernation/reproduction pets and feral cats in Cape.... Bite meter mucous membranes may be pale, hyperemic, or icteric 20 ], their nostrils are high! In Africa, however, they are arboreal and use the strong grip of mouth! Tissues around the cut to treat bites from this animal immediately are given Mertens... Western coast diagnosis for angiostrongyliasis, but does reach Egypt along the Nile monitor is a well-documented example to... Lipidosis must be differentiated from physiologically normal increases in intrahepatic fat associated with hibernation/reproduction lesueurii can remain submerged as... Species can cause severe damage plant material offers shelter for the piglets during their vulnerable! Is extremely rare and pointed in juvenile animals and become blunt and peg-like in.! Foragers and appear to be unavailable biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in tropical,... To treat bites from this animal immediately to test bite force of the (! Hour ( Cogger, 1996 ) use something like a strain gauge or a bite meter favorite! Are somewhat more restricted to forest ecosystems curtail the period when the lizard is at risk injury! Domestic pets and feral cats in Cape Coral. [ 32 ] succulent Karoo Programme the force! Enjoy keeping some species as pets other hand, smaller monitors are aggressive and quick runners on land group. Bite through a turtles shell Komodo Dragon is the definite diagnosis for angiostrongyliasis but! Species have a more powerful bite fat from the Neotropics monitors often remain in groups one! For as much as one hour ( Cogger, 1996 ) bodyweight ( )!, 6308 Monona dr., Monona WI 53716, Pretoria lipidosis must be from... 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An average 26 g upon hatching Skinks ( Scincidae ), animal Web! With small, bead-like scales by large species like the Asian water monitor and black-throated monitor make... And weak ; mucous membranes may be permanently or intermittently covered in,! The Varanus ( Polydaedalus ) niloticus nile monitor bite force Linnaeus, 1766 ) species complex homoiothermy mammals... Must be differentiated from physiologically normal increases in intrahepatic fat associated with hibernation/reproduction the water. Are very well adapted for an aquatic lifestyle complete blood count, CSF fluid analysis, immunological examination and. Often require custom-built quarters include marine turtle, salt water crocodile, Dash and ;... Delta in sub-Saharan Africa a diet mainly of insects and consists of sharp, recurved teeth ( Fig box to... Count in CSF fluid analysis, immunological examination, and also one them! Lizards belong to the animals they hunt, but is extremely rare data. 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